What is the primary factor that influences weather patterns?

The primary factor that influences weather patterns is solar energy from the sun. The sun is the ultimate source of energy driving the Earth's climate system. It heats the Earth's surface, which in turn warms the air above it. This temperature difference creates wind and ocean currents, affecting weather conditions.

Solar energy influences atmospheric circulation patterns, which shape how heat and moisture are distributed around the planet. For instance, equatorial regions receive more direct sunlight, leading to warmer temperatures and more evaporation, which fuels rainfall. In contrast, polar regions receive less solar energy, resulting in colder temperatures and less precipitation.

While geographic features can affect local weather patterns—such as mountains interrupting wind flow or coastlines moderating temperature—these effects are secondary to the overarching influence of solar energy. Human activities can also modify weather patterns through urbanization and pollution, but they do not operate on the same scale or foundational level as solar energy. Ocean currents play a significant role in redistributing heat and moisture globally, but they are driven by the sun’s energy, further emphasizing the sun’s primary role in influencing weather patterns.