GACE Geography Practice Exam

The answer is indeed Japan, Cuba, and New Zealand, as these countries are known for their high reliance on energy imports to support industrial activity.

Japan is a notable example; it has very limited natural energy resources and relies heavily on imports to meet its energy needs, particularly after the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011 which led to a reduction in nuclear energy production. This dependence makes Japan vulnerable to fluctuations in global energy prices and supply chain disruptions.

Cuba's energy landscape also necessitates a reliance on imports due to its limited domestic energy resources and the impacts of the U.S. embargo, which have hindered its ability to develop energy infrastructure and diversify its energy portfolio. The country often turns to other countries, notably Venezuela, for oil supplies to sustain its economy.

New Zealand, while rich in renewable resources, still imports significant amounts of oil and gas because a substantial portion of its energy consumption is derived from fossil fuels. Its geographic isolation and limited local fossil fuel resources reinforce the need for energy imports to ensure the stability and growth of its industries.

In contrast, the other options consist of countries with either abundant natural resources or diversified energy sectors, reducing their overall reliance on energy imports to power their industries effectively.