What is a geographic information system (GIS)?

A geographic information system (GIS) is a framework for managing spatial and geographic data. It integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information. This powerful tool allows users to visualize, interpret, and understand patterns and relationships in both physical space and human activity, making it essential for various applications such as urban planning, environmental management, transportation, and resource allocation.

The ability to combine different types of data, such as maps, statistics, and imagery, provides comprehensive insights that aid in decision-making processes. For example, GIS can help identify areas at risk for natural disasters or can be used to analyze demographics in relation to services, contributing significantly to effective planning and resource distribution.