What geographic feature does latitude measure?

Latitude measures the distance in relation to the Equator. It is defined by a series of imaginary lines that run parallel to the Equator and are measured in degrees, with the Equator itself at 0 degrees latitude. As you move north or south from the Equator, the values increase up to 90 degrees at the poles. This systematic method of measurement is crucial for determining the location and climate of different regions on Earth, as latitude significantly affects the amount of sunlight received throughout the year, influencing temperature and weather patterns.

In contrast, the other options pertain to different geographical measurements. For instance, distance east or west of the Prime Meridian relates to longitude rather than latitude. Altitude above sea level refers to vertical positioning rather than a horizontal measurement like latitude. Meanwhile, the length of coastlines deals with geographical features rather than a method of spatial measurement such as latitude and longitude provide. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify why measuring distance in relation to the Equator is the defining characteristic of latitude.