What does the term "urbanization" refer to?

Urbanization specifically refers to the process by which rural areas transition into urban areas, characterized by an increase in population density and the growth of cities. This process often involves the migration of people from rural to urban settings, which can lead to the development of infrastructure, economic changes, and shifts in social dynamics.

The essence of urbanization lies in the transformation of land and society as cities expand to accommodate rising populations and the accompanying economic activities. While elements such as infrastructure development or the decline of rural populations may occur alongside urbanization, the core idea is the movement and development that convert non-urban areas into urban environments. Recognizing urbanization as a multifaceted process helps to understand the broader implications of demographic shifts and economic changes related to urban growth.